What is MS?
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a condition of the central nervous system. It is the most common disabling neurological disease among young adults and affects around 100,000 people in the UK. MS is most often diagnosed in people between the ages of 20 and 40, and women are almost twice as likely to develop it as men.
Once diagnosed, MS stays with you for life, but treatments and specialists can help you to manage many symptoms well. Although its cause is not known and a cure has yet to be identified, research continues into all aspects of the condition.
MS is the result of damage to myelin – a protective sheath surrounding nerve fibres of the central nervous system.
When myelin is damaged, this interferes with messages between the brain and other parts of the body.
For some people, MS is characterised by periods of relapse and remission while for others it has a progressive pattern. For everyone, it makes life unpredictable.
What are the different types of MS?
There are three main types of MS, each with its own characteristics. Regardless of the ‘type’, some people may be only mildly affected throughout their lives, while for others the effects may become quickly noticeable. Most people with MS experience something in between these extremes. It is not always clear what type of MS someone has, particularly when newly diagnosed and regardless of the type, health professionals will base symptom management on individual needs.
Remember that whatever name is given to your MS, how you best manage it will be a personal thing – any name for MS is only a guide to help you and your care team find the best treatment.
Relapsing Remitting MS
MS is nearly always described as a relapsing remitting condition – meaning that symptoms appear (a relapse), and then fade away, either partially or completely (remission).
For most people with MS, this is the way their MS begins, except for the small group of people who have primary progressive MS (about 15 per cent of all people with MS).
‘Benign’ MS
If, after 10 to 20 years, your condition hasn’t worsened and you have very little or no disability, you might then be said to have ‘benign’ MS. It is difficult to give exact figures, but probably between 10 and 30 per cent of people with MS fit this broad description and have had many years without major disability. But using the word ‘benign’ can be misleading. ‘Benign’ MS doesn’t mean that someone’s condition has been completely problem-free; and a relapse can occur after many years of inactive MS. Unfortunately, it’s still difficult to predict future MS symptoms, even by looking at the symptoms someone has already had.
Secondary Progressive MS
Most people with relapsing remitting MS eventually develop ‘secondary progressive’ MS – around 65 per cent have developed it after 15 years.
Secondary progressive MS, as the name suggests, sees a progressive increase in people’s symptoms, but this progression can be very slow. Changes might be so slight that they are hard to notice for a long time.
Remember that whatever name is given to your MS, how you best manage it will be a personal thing – any name for MS is only a guide to help you and your care team find the best treatments.
Primary progressive MS affects about 10 to 15 per cent of people diagnosed with MS. It is called this because from the first (primary) symptoms it is progressive. Symptoms gradually get worse over time, rather than appearing as sudden attacks (relapses).
Disease modifying drugs
Disease modifying drugs can affect or modify the course of MS. They are thought to suppress the immune system’s activity in the brain and spinal cord. Although not a cure for MS, disease modifying drugs can reduce the number and severity of relapses.
Guidelines produced by the Association of British Neurologists say that the disease modifying drugs beta interferon and glatiramer acetate should be available for people with relapsing remitting MS if they have had two or more relapses in the last two years, or one ‘disabling’ relapse in the last year.